The back is an complex structure of bones, muscles, and different tissues that form the posterior a part of the body’s trunk, from the neck to the pelvis. The centerpiece is that the spinal column, that not only supports the higher body’s weight however homes and protects the spinal cord — the delicate systema nervosum structure that carries signals that management the body’s movements and convey its sensations. Stacked on high of 1 another are quite thirty bones — the vertebrae — that kind the back, conjointly referred to as the spine. every of those bones contains a circular hole that, once stacked in register with all the others, creates a channel that surrounds the spinal cord. The spinal cord descends from the bottom of the brain and extends within the adult to merely below the skeletal structure. little nerves ("roots") enter and emerge from the spinal column through spaces between the vertebrae. as a result of the bones of the spinal column continue growing long when the spinal column reaches its full length in babyhood, the nerve roots to the lower back and legs extend several inches down the back before exiting. this large bundle of nerve roots was dubbed by early anatomists because the complex body part equina, or horse’s tail. The areas between the vertebrae are maintained by spherical, spongy pads of animal tissue referred to as bone discs that afford flexibility within the lower back and act very similar to shock absorbers throughout the back to cushion the bones because the body moves. Bands of tissue referred to as ligaments and tendons hold the vertebrae in place and fix the muscles to the spinal column.
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